Pneumatic sprayer or air-brush.



B. P. HALL. PNEUMATIC SPRAYER 0R AIR BRUSH. APPLICATION FILED 1AN.'13,1916. 1,179,095. Patented Apr. 11,1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET '1'.

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A TTORNEV i BURTON P. HALL, OF FANWOD, NEW JERSEY.

PNEUMATIC sPnAYnr. on Aria-BRUSH.

ananas.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented apr. ii, raie.

Application iled January 13, 1916. Serial No. 71,959.

' which the following is the specification.

My invention relates to improvements in a pneumatic sprayer or` airl brush for inks, paints, varnishes, enamels, liquid bronzes and similar substances, and it consists in the novel features hereinafter more fully described.

The objects of my improvement are: 1st.

To produce a universal spraying device ap plicable to liquids of different degrees of density and viscosity. 2d. To produce a pneumatic sprayer or air brush, which is adapted to have a wide range of variation in the rate. of discharge of the liquid sprayed. 3d. To produce a pneumatic sprayer or air brush, which is adapted to vary the work with 'the same liquid sprayed, according .to the requirements in each case, and to be able to produce very ine lines as well as todo rapid surface painting or coloring and similar work. 4th. To produce a pneumatic sprayer or air brush, which is adapted to `,work with a comparatively low pressure of air'or other gas. 5th. To have said'pneumatic sprayeror air brush simple,' durable and inexpensive. I attain these objects by the apparatus illustrated in the accompanying drawings or by any mechanical equivalent or obvious modification of the same.- r

In the drawings vFigureA 1 is a vertical section of my apparatus by a plane passing through the axis of the container or receptacle ofthe liquid sprayed and through the axes of the two revolving members hereinafter described. Fig'. 2 is a view of the revolving gas discharging member in a plane parallel thereto, and perpendicular to the axis of rotation thereof. Fig. 3 is a view toward the left in Fig. 1 showing theliquid container or receptacle in elevationand the bridge mounted thereon infsection, and omitting the revolving members and their appurtenances. v h

Similar numerals and letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views as follows:

11 is 'the container or receptacle for the liquid sprayed. 12 is the cap for said re-'r oeptacle, which is shown in. Fig. 1 as being screwed on to the neck of said receptacle.

13 is a packing either of felt or of any other suitable material; it is shown in Fig.

1 as placed over`the edges of the receptacle against said edges by means of the threaded cap 12, thereby rendering said receptacle gas tightl ltis the bridge shown'in Figs. 1 and 3 jas mounted on said cap 12; it supports the revolving gas discharging member 19 and liquid discharging member 20.

15 is a hub, for said gas discharging member 19; it has an interiorbentpassage 17, which is shown in Fig. Las communicating at its inner end with a connection fromV a source of compressed air or other gas, and at its outer end with the interior of the nozzle 21 of said member 19. Thelhub 15 `termiA incloses the inner end of said passage 177;

at lits upper end ysaid hub .15 terminates in a stud 15, which carries a winged nut 29,

which keeps said member 19 in place onv `said hub 15.

. 6o 11 at the mouth thereof; it is Jammed tight 16 is a hub for' the liquid discharging member 20; it isI si'milfanto the hub 15 above described; it has an interior passage 18,

which communicatesat'its inner end with. the interior of said receptacle" 11, through` an opening in said bridge 14, and the nipple 25, which connects said opening with the inte-rior of said receptacle 11; said nipple 25 passes through the top of said cap 12 and said packing 13; said nipple 25 may be soldered to 'said cap 12 where it passes therethrough at its lower end, and 'it is shown in Fig. 1 as screwed into said opening insaid bridge 14. 16a is a stud at the upper end of said hub 16 it carries the winged nut 29, which keeps the liquid discharging -member 20 in place on said hub 16. 16b is a threaded nipplev or hollow stud, which forms the lower end of said hub 16; it serves to connect,V said hub 16 to said bridge 14, and it'incloses the inner -end of said passage 18.

The gas discharging-member 19 is shown in Fig. 2 as having siX radial nozzles: 21, 21, 21p, 23, 23a and 23"; two ofy these nozzles, 21 and 23 are shown in section in Fig. l. It is evident from the drawings that, by turning said member 19 on said hub 15, any one of the above six nozzles can be brought into registration with the outerend of said passage 17, thereby causing the compressed air or other gas to be discharged throughsaid registering nozzle. r1`hese nozzles dier in the amount of area of their cross-section, but they are otherwise similar.

AThe revolving member 20 is in all respects similar to the member 19; only the nozzles which it carries, have smaller areas of crosssection than those ofthe member 19; two of these liquid discharging nozzles, 22 and 24 are shown in Fig. 1; the total number of nozzles carried by said member 20 may be six, as in the member 19; either or both of the members 19 and 20 may carry any other number of nozzles, if desired. By .revolving saidy member 20 on said hub 16, any one of its nozzles may be brought into registration with the outer end of said passage 18, thereby causing the liquid in the receptacle to be discharged ,through that registering nozzle.

As the magnitude and degree of atomization of the jet of liquid applied to any object depends upon the area of cross-section of the liquid discharging nozzle and also upon the magnitude of the jet of air or other` gas, for any pressure of the latter, which Himpmges upon said jet of liquid, it is evident that the number of diderent jets of said liquid that can be produced by my pneumatic sprayer, for any given pressure of the air or other gas employed, is equal to the product of the number of nozzles in each of the two revolving members; thus:

if there be six nozzles in each of the members/19 and 20, then 36 different `jets of liquid could be produced thereby. -This is strictly correct only when the axis of the gas discharging nozzle is in the same plane with vthe axis of the liquid discharging nozzle. varied by placing the axis of the, gas' discharging nozzle somewhat at an angle with the vertical plane passing through the axis of the water discharging nozzle. In this way almost an infinite number of variations can be roduced in the character ofthe jet of liquld sprayed bymeans of one apparatus. y

My pneumatic sprayer, as shown in the drawings, is adapted to be worked largely by gravity feeding, namely: 'llhe Aliquid contained in the receptacle 11 is caused to be discharged by tilting over said receptacle runtil the liquid will flow -out through the l nipple 25 and the opening 18 of the hub 1G; no pressure of air or other gas is em? ployed for this purpose; the supply of air or other gas under pressure is employed for producing a jet of air or gas, which impingcs on said jet of liquid and thereby atomizes the same, but not for feeding of These results could be still more.

,gg v 1,179,095

the liquid to be sprayed. A comparatively lowy pressure of'air or gas is therefore sufficient for my apparatus. As the gas jet is discharged from one of the nozzles of the member 19, and .when the receptacle 11. is in anupright position, a reduction of pressure is produced in the interior of the receptacle; I employ this vreduction of pressure thereby to produce the agitation of the liquid in said receptacle by causing a jet of air from the outside of the receptacle to flow through the intake 32, shown in Fig. 3, under a ball check valve`33, to the interior of the fitting 31, thence through the bent air inlet tube 28 28a, to an opening inthe bridge 111, and thence through the agitator tube 26 into the liquid in the receptacle 11, which liquid is thereby agitated. By this means l save the extra air pressure, which is usually required for agitating said liquid. The ball check valve 33 is employed to prevent any back |flow of liquid through saidagitator tube 1 found that the best results are obtained' with my pneumatic sprayer when the liquid discharging nozzle is so placed that it ter- .minates substantially on the axis of the nozzle discharging gas; this results in better economy of the liquid sprayed and in greater effectiveness of the jet. The same advantage could beobtained also in apparatuses having ordinary noninterchangeable '.nozzles, to a greater or lesser degree, by

placing said nozzles in the above described relative positions toward each other. Y

Many changes could be made in the design and details of my pneumatic sprayer or air brush within the scope of my invention. The members 19 and '20 are shown in Fig.

1 aslbeing at right angles to each other, and

each as inclined at an angle of 45 degrees to the top of said cap 12; either of these two angles may be `varied, if desired, especially the latter; the member 20 can be conveniently located on the side of said cap 12 and in a plane parallel to the axis thereof, and said member 19 could then be placed in a plane parallel to the top of said cap 12.

Some of the features of excellence of my apparatus, as above described, could be omitted, if desired, and thereby only part of the advantages thereof could begsecured.

Many other changes could bejmade in my pneumatic sprayer or air brush, without departing from the main scope of my invention. l do not, therefore, restrict myself to the exact design of my apparatus as shown in the drawings; but l intend to include also all mechanical equivalents and obrions modifications of the same.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. In a pneumatic sprayer or air brush for liquids a receptacle for the liquid, a passage for said liquid :from said receptacle, a member containing a plurality of nozzles'for the discharge of said liquid therethrough, said nozzles beingof various dimensions and adapted to register with said passage, one at a time, and thereby to discharge-each a jet of said liquid of a different magnitude, and

a meansffor impinging a jet of gas against` said jet of liquid, thereby atomizing the same.

2. In a pneumatic sprayer or air brush for liquids, ay receptacle for 'the liquid, a means for discharging a jet of said liquid, a connection to 'a supply of compressed gas, a member containing a plurality of nozzles for discharging said gas therethrough, said nozzles being of various dimensions and adapted to register with said connection, one at a time, and thereby to discharge each a jet of gas of a different magnitude against said jet of liquid, thereby atomizingthe same;

3. In a pneumatic sprayer or air brush for liquids, a receptacle for the liquid, a passage for said liquid from said receptacle, a revolving member containing a plurality of nozzles for the discharge of said liquid therethrough, said nozzles being of various dimensions and adapted to register with said passage, one at a time, and therebyto discharge each a jet'of said liquid of a different magnitude, and a means for imping'- ing a jety of gas against said jet of liquid, thereby atomizing the same.

4. In a pneumatic sprayer or air brush for liquids a receptacle for the liquid, a means for discharging a jet of liquid from said receptacle, a connection to a supply of compressed gas, a revolving member containing a plurality of nozzles 'for discharging said compressed gas therethrough, said nozzles being of various dimensions and adapted to register with said con-nectio one at a time, and thereby to discharge eacA a jet of gas of a different magnitude against said jet ofv liquid, thereby atomizing the same.

5. In a pneumatic sprayer'or air brush for liquids a receptacle for the liquid, a. passage for said liquid from said receptacle, a member containing a plurality'of nozzles for the discharge of said liquid therethrough, said nozzles being of various -dimensions and adapted to register with said passage, one at a time, andv thereby to discharge each a jet of said liquid of a different magnitude, and a nozzle for impinging a jet of gas against said jet of liquid, thereby atomizing the same, each of said liquid discharging nozzles, when in registration with said passage, terminating substantially at the axis of said gas discharging nozzle.

6. In a'pneumatic sprayer or air brush for liquids a receptacle for the liquid, a means for discharging-a jet of the liquid `from said receptacle, a means for impingingy a jet of gas against said `jet oi' liquid, thereby atom- 'izing the same, said ljet of gas being adapted to produce a reduction of pressure in said receptacle, when the latter is in an upright position, and a means for drawing air from vthe'outside of said receptacle into the 1n- "ceptacle, said jet of gas being adapted. to

produce a reduction of pressure in said receptacle Whenlthe latter is in an upright po.

sition, and said agitating means comprising an air tube having its lower end immersed f in said liquid'and its upper end communicating with the outside of the'vessel, and a suitable check valve adapted to prevent the accidental discharge of the liquid from said receptacle through said agitator tube.

8. In a pneumatic sprayer or air brush for liquids a receptable for the liquid, a passage for said liquid from said receptacle and av connection to a source of compressed gas, a' member containing a plurality of nozzles for the discharge of said liquid therethrough, also a member containing a plurality of nozzles for discharging'said compressed gas therethrough, said nozzles for the discharge of said liquid being of various dimensions and adapted to register with said passage, one at a time, and thereby to discharge each a jet of liquid of a different magnitude, and saidl nozzles for discharging said compressed gas being also ofdiiferent dimensions and adapted to register with said connection, one at a time, and thereby to discharge each a jet of gas. of a different magnitude against said `jet of liquid, thereby atomizing the same.

9. In a pneumatic sprayer or airbrush for liquids, a receptacle -for the liquid, a passage for said liquidfrom said receptacle and a connection to a source of compressed gas, a revolving member containing a plurality fof nozzles for'the discharge of said liquid therethrough, also a revolving member containing a plurality of nozzles for discharging said compressed gas therethrough, said nozzles for the discharge of said liquid being of various dimensions and adapted to register With said passage andthereby to discharge each a jet of liquid of a dili'erent magnitude, and said 'nozzles for discharging said compressed gas being also of different dimensions and adapted to register With said connection, and thereby to discharge each a jet of gas of a dierent magnitude against said jet of liquid, thereby atomizing the same. 'y Y 10. In' a rvpneumatic sprayer lor air brush for liquids a receptacle` for the liquid, a noz'- zle for discharging a jet of said liquid from said receptacle, a connection to asupply of compressed gas, admember containing a plurality of nozzles adapted to register With said connection, one at a time, and thereby to discharge each a jet of gas of a different magnitude against said jet of liquid, thereby atomizing the same, and said liquid `discharging nozzle terminating substantially at the axis of one of said gas discharging nozzles, the latter being in registration With said connection.

11. In a pneumatic sprayer or airbrush for liquids a receptacle for the liquid, a passage for said liquid from said receptacle, a connection to a supply of compressed gas, a member containing a plurality of nozzles adapted to register With said passage, one at a time, and thereby discharge each a jet of liquid of a different magnitude, and a member containing a plurality of nozzles adapted to register with said connection, one at a i Limbes time, and thereby toY discharge each a jet of vgas of a different magnitude against said jet of liquid, thereby atomizing the same, and each of said liquid discharging nozzles, when in registration with said passage, terminating substantially at the axis of one of said gas discharging nozzles, the latter being in registration With said connection.

12. In a pneumatic sprayer or air brush for liquids a receptaclefor the liquid, a cap for said receptacle, a' suitable packing interposed between said cap and said receptacle, thereby rendering the same gas tight, a means for discharging ayjet of said liquid from said receptacle, a means'for producing a reduction of pressure in said receptacle and a means for drawing air by suction, due to said reduction of pressure, from the outside of said receptacle into the interior thereof and through said liquid, thereby agitating the same.

BURTON i). HALL.

s VVitnessesz'` FREDERICK G. ,MITCHELL, JOSEPH J. REARDON. 

